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Home Sanitation and Hygiene: Pipe
P Drive Pipe D/Dischargs Pipe.
Draip.
Setting of hydraulic ram. (E. T. Wilson.) The height of the source of supply above the ram-i. e., the head-determines the distance and elevation to which the water can be forced.
The head may be increased by damming a stream so as to create a reservoir or, if a drain can be secured to keep the outlet free from water, by sinking the ram in a pit. A ram keeps going all the time and requires very little attention. The expense of maintenance is small. Hence a small ram with a very low head makes a cheap and adequate source of water supply. The water can be forced into an elevated tank or pneumatic tank as desired. The overflow can be utilized by a water motor for pumping cistern water, shelling corn or any of the other numerous ways for saving hand labor.
The water which is pumped need not be the same as the power water.
By means of a compound ram, impure water can be used to pump the pure water without danger of mixing.
The size of the ram required will depend upon the head, the amount of water required and the height and distance to which it must be delivered.
After the pipes are laid, keep them uncovered until they are given a test.
This will discover any leaks.
Windmills. A properly constructed windmill is a good and simple way of securing a supply of water and can be equipped at small cost with a device which will also furnish power for grinding feed, shelling corn, sawing wood, washing, churning, and many other purposes with no expense for fuel. The first cost of a windmill varies greatly according to the conditions. But this is perhaps the most economical means of obtaining power. The wind is free and the cost of repairs is very small. The tank should hold a week's supply or about 2,000 gallons for the house, and twice as much for the house and barn, say a tank 10 feet across and 6 feet deep.
A windmill to supply such a tank should be at least a 12-footer.
Gas or Hot Air Engines. These devices are now manufactured expressly for pumping water to elevated or pneumatic tanks to furnish supplies for houses and barns. Such engines may be had to burn any kind of fuel-natural gas, gasoline, kerosene, coal or wood. They are not difficult to operate and may be used for other purposes when not needed for pumping. The pipes should be laid as straight as possible and free from elbows and sharp bends. The cost ranges from $60 upwards for 2 or 3 h.p. The cost of fuel is very small. A half hour's pumping a day will furnish a supply of water for an average family.