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Weights and Measures: Wall
Measurement of Wall Surfaces.- A common application of square measure in the household is in estimating material and labor for the treatment of wall surfaces by paper hanging, plastering, painting, or calcimining. All of these are usually computed by the square yard.
Wall paper is sold by the roll, which is usually 18 inches wide and 8 yards in length. Or in double rolls of the same width, 16 yards long.
These are counted as 2 rolls each.
They economize waste in cutting.
These are the dimensions of most wall papers made in America, and may be taken for granted unless otherwise specified. Imported papers differ as to the length and width of the roll.
Borders or friezes are sold by the yard. They vary in width from 3 inches upward.
Cost of Hanging Wall Paper.-It is not possible, as a rule, to find in advance the exact cost of papering a room. The measurement of the room will, however, assist in making an estimate of the number of rolls required. The actual number to be paid for can be determined only after the papering has been done. Then all rolls that have been cut must be paid for, the uncut rolls being, as a rule, allowed to be returned.
When estimating the number of rolls of paper required for papering a room of ordinary height (i. e., if the distance from the baseboard to WEIGHTS AND MEASURES the border is not more than 8 feet), first measure around the room, leaving out the widths of the doors and windows; then allow one double roll or two single rolls for every 7 feet.
Or by another method, measure around the room in yards. The number of strips required will be just about double the number of yards.
Find how many strips can be cut from a roll and divide the number of strips required to go around the room by the number that can be cut from a roll. The result will be the number of rolls.
Cost of Plastering, Papering, and Calcimining. - These are measured by the square yard. Allowances are sometimes made either in whole or part for the area of openings, for baseboards, and the like. But there is no uniform rule respecting these allowances. Custom varies so greatly that it is better to make a written contract to govern the final settlement. The surfaces of the walls of a room may be found by multiplying the sum of the lengths of the four sides changed to square units by the height.
Cost of Carpeting Rooms.-Carpeting and matting is in various widths, commonly 1 yard or 3/4 of a yard in width, and is sold by the yard.
Oilcloth and linoleum come in various widths and are sold by the square yard.
The number of yards of carpeting required for a room depends on the size of the room, the directions in which the strips run, and the loss caused by matching the figures.
Hence it is necessary to decide first whether the strips shall run lengthwise or across the room; next, how much will be wasted in matching the pattern; and finally the number of strips required. The number of yards in a strip, including the waste in matching the pattern, multiplied by the number of strips, will give the number of yards required. In large carpet stores, loss in matching the figures is sometimes avoided by cutting strips from different rolls. Waste may also occur from turning under carpets that are too wide, and from If borders are put all around the carpet, the corners must be counted twice, because one half of each corner is wasted in the making.
SURVEYORS' AND LAND MEASURE Land Measure. - The same table with certain additions as follows is 100 LINKS =1 CHAIN 25 LINKS I ROD 40RODS LONG 160 Sq RODS = IACRE 4 RODS WIDE 16/½ FT I ROD "Ordinary Land Measure." used for ordinary land or surface measure: 144 sq. inches......... 9 sq. feet. ... 301 sq. yards...... 40 sq. perches.... 4 roods...... 640 acres.... 1 sq. foot. 1 sq. yard. 1 sq. rod or perch 1 rood. 1 acre. .1 sq. mile.
Surveyors' Measure.-In addition, the following table based upon Gunter's Chain, which is 4 rods or 66 feet, is employed for land surveying. An engineer's chain, used by civil engineers, is 100 feet long, and consists of 100 links. 7.92 inches. 25 100 66 links. feet..... links.... rods. sq. chains-160 sq. rods. 4 10 80 chains.. 640 acres... 625 sq. links.... 16 sq. poles..... 10 sq. chains.... ৩৪ sq. mi. A. sq.rd. sq.yd. 1 link. 1 rod. 1 chain. 1 chain 1 chain. 1 acre. 1 mile. 1 sq. mile. 1 sq. pole. 1 sq. chain. .1 acre. sq. ft. 1-640-102400=3097600-27878400 sq. in. 4014489600 Scale.-640, 160, 301, 9, 144.
The term perch or pole is sometimes used instead of square rod. The rood, 40 perches, or acre, is found in old title deeds and surveys.
Rules for Land Measure. -The following rules and suggestions may be of assistance in measuring land.
Measure 209 feet on each side and the result will be a square acre within an inch.
To find the number of acres in any plot of land when the number of rods is given, divide the number of rods by 8, multiply the quotient by 5, and remove the decimal point two places to the left. To find how many rods in length will make an acre when the width in rods is given, divide 160 by the width in rods and the quotient will be the answer.
To find the number of acres in a body of land having square corners and parallel sides, ascertain the length and the width in rods, multiply these numbers and divide the product by 160, the number of square rods in an acre. If there is a remainder, carry out to two decimal places. The result will be the answer in acres and hundredths. If opposite sides of a piece of land are of unequal length add them together and take as the mean length or width.
To measure a triangular field, multiply the length of the longest side in rods by the greatest width in rods; take the product and divide by 160. To measure any field of irregular outline, provided the sides are straight, divide the field into triangles and measure each triangle by this rule. But if the sides are crooked make a number of parallel measurements across the field at places equal distances apart, add them, and divide the total by the number of measurements made; this will give the mean length; similar measurements in the opposite direction will give the mean width. Multiply the two results and divide by 160.
To find the surface of a circular field, measure the diameter in rods, multiply the diameter by itself and the result by 7.854 and divide by 160.
To Lay Out an Acre. An acre of land contains 160 square rods or 43,560 square feet. To lay out an acre at right angles, i. e., square corners, one side being known, divide the square contents of an acre by the length of the known side, taking care that both are expressed in the same kind of units. For example: if one side is known to be 4 rods, divide 160, the number of square rods in an acre, by 4 and the quotient will be 40 rods or the depth of the acre plot.
Or, if the length of the known side is 180 feet, divide 43,560, the number of square feet in an acre, by 180 and the result will be 242 or the depth of the acre plot in feet.
The following table will be found convenient for reference: