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Weights and Measures: Writing
Writing Papers-Flat Cap NAME.
Law blank.
INCHES. 13 x 16 14 x 17 15 x 19 Flat cap.
Crown..
Demy. 16 x 21 Folio post 17 x 22 Check folio. 17 x 24 Double cap.. 17 x 28 Medium. 18 x 23 Royal.
Superroyal Imperial Medium-and-half.
Small double medium.
Broad twelves Double imperial.
Billet note. 23 x 41 .32 x 46 INCHES. 6 x 8 Writing Papers-Folded NAME.
Octavo note. 7 x 9 Commercial note. 8 x 10 Packet note 9 x 11 Bath note 8 x 14 Letter 10 10 X 16 Commercial letter. 11 x 17 Packet post. 11 x 18 Ex. packet post 11 x 18 Foolscap... 2 12 x 16 are Classifying Books. Books printed on sheets of paper of varying sizes, which are afterwards folded and trimmed to the size of book desired. One sheet of paper thus folded is called by printers a "signature." The marks sometimes found at intervals at the bottom of pages as a, b, c, 1, 2, 3, la, 2a, etc., are what printers call "signature marks." They are placed on the first page of each signature to indicate the order of the signatures for the convenience of binders in folding and gathering the sheets. These are less commonly used than formerly. In the early days of the printing industry book papers were practically of the same size. Hence the number of times a sheet was folded to make one signature of a book was an means of classifying book sizes. A sheet of paper folded once into 2 leaves making 4 pages was then called a folio; 1 folded twice into 4 leaves making 8 pages a quarto, and so on. accurate " WEIGHTS AND MEASURES CIRCULAR MEASURE Circular measure is used in measuring arcs of circles, and angles, and in estimating latitude and longitude.
It is also called angular measure.
The denominations are seconds ("), minutes ('), degrees (°), signs (s), and circumferences (cir.).
TABLE 60 seconds (")=1 minute... 60 minutes 1 degree.. 360 degrees -1 circumference.......cir.
Cir. " 1-360-21,600=1,296,000.
Scale: 360, 60, 60.
Circular measure is used by surveyors in surveying land; by navigators in determining latitude and longitude at sea; and by astronomers in measuring the motion of the heavenly bodies, and in computing difference in time.
The curved line which bounds a circle is its circumference. Any portion of a circumference is an arc. Every circumference may be divided into 360 equal parts, called degrees.
One half of a circumference is a semicircumference; one fourth, quadrant; one sixth, a sextant; and one twelfth, a sign. A semicircumference contains 180°; a quadrant, 90°; a sextant, 60°; and a sign, 30°. a Since every circumference contains 360 degrees, the length of a degree depends upon the size of the circle.
A degree of the earth's surface at the equator contains 69 statute miles, or 60 geographical miles-a minute of space being a geographical or natural mile.
The size of an angle is the same whether the arc included between its sides be a portion of a large or small circle. Hence the measure of an angle is definite whatever be the length of a degree of the included arc.
That part of the circumference which is included between the lines which form the angle is the measure of the angle.
LONGITUDE AND TIME Longitude is distance east or west from a given meridian. It is measured by degrees, minutes, and seconds. Thus, 15° 24' 40" east longitude denotes a position 15° 24' 40" east of the meridian from which longitude is reckoned. A meridian is an imaginary line passing on the earth's surface from pole to pole.