A Little HistoryCharles Ranhofer's The Epicurean (1894) records the kitchen of Delmonico's in New York, and its dessert chapters are essentially a French pastry repertoire written for an American house: flan aux groseilles vertes is the plain green-gooseberry tart of French and English domestic baking, dressed up with a mirror of apple-jelly glaze. The doubled title, "flawn" beside flan, is a nice fossil — flawn is Middle English, from Old French flaon, and by the nineteenth century it survived mainly in cookbooks as a term for an open tart. Green gooseberries were a standard early-summer fruit in that period, valued precisely because they arrived before anything else and because their acidity and high pectin made them behave well under heat; the apple jelly finish does the same work as the commercial glazes a pastry cook would reach for now. The berry's near-disappearance from American markets came later, when Ribes plantings were restricted as part of the campaign against white pine blister rust."}