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Liquor, Etc
THE following excellent rules for the convenience of the liquor merchant were derived from various sources, but principally from the note-books and memoranda of friends in the "trade," both in Europe and this country, and have been in almost constant use by the author during an experience of over twenty years. They contain, and will yield to the manufacturer, much information of a very useful character. To Ascertain the Cost of any Quantity of Alcohol at any Degree or Per Centage of Strength Above or Below Proof. Alcohol is always bought and sold at so much above or below proof. To ascertain the price of a quantity of alcohol, add the percentage over proof, or deduct the per centage under proof, and multiply by the price per gallon. Thus, what will 40 gallons of alcohol, 25 per cent over proof, cost at 28 cents proof? We first find 25 per cent of 40, which is 10; we then add that number to 40, the number of gallons and we get 50; we then multiply 50 by 28, the price per gallon proof, and get $14.00 or 35 cents per gallon. (243) Again, what will 40 gallons alcohol 25 per cent under proof cost, at 28 cents per gallon proof? Again, we find that 25 per cent of 40 is 10; we then deduct 10 from 40, this leaves us 30; by multiplying 30 by 28, we get $8.40, or 21 cents per gallon.
An Easy Method to Ascertain how much Water Should be Added to Spirits, to Reduce it from a Given Degree of Strength to a Lower Degree, or Per Centage, of Strength. The manufacturer may sometimes find it necessary to reduce or increase the strength of spirit according as circumstances may require. To accomplish this, we give the following rules, which will be found useful to the dealer: multiply the number of gallons by the actual degree of strength of the spirit, and divide the amount by the degree of strength sought to be obtained, and from the answer subtract 100; the amount thus obtained will show the quantity of water to be added to the spirit in order to reduce it to the degree sought. For example: suppose you have 100 gallons of spirit at 80° by Tralles' hydrometer and wish to reduce it to 50° or "proof."
You multiply 100 by 80, and divide the amount by 50, then from the answer subtract 100; this will show that you must add 60 gallons of water to the spirit in order to reduce it to 50° Tralles', or "proof."
Thus, 100 80 5.0)800.0(160.0 To Ascertain the Quantity of Pure or Absolute Alcohol in any Given Amount of Liquor.
The quantity of alcohol contained in any amount of liquor is readily ascertained after testing the strength with Tralles' hydrometer at 60°, by simply multiplying the figures expressing the quantity of liquor by the ascertained strength; for example: a barrel of brandy, containing 32 gallons, 60° strong at 60° Fah., contains 191 gallons pure alcohol.
RULE.-Multiply the number of gallons by the ascertained degrees of strength, and divide by 100. Thus 32 gallons, Example. 60 degrees strength at 60°, 19.20, or 194 gallons pure alcohol.
To Ascertain the Number of Gallons at any Required Number of Degrees Below Proof, in any Given Number of Proof Gallons.
Multiply the given number of proof gallons by 100, and then divide the product thus obtained by a number, found by deducting the required number of degrees below proof from 100. The quotient will be the answer.
Example.
How many gallons, 25 degrees below proof, are there in 35 gallons proof? 100 25 B. P. 35 gallons proof, 100 )3500(46 gals., 25 degrees below proof.
We thus see by the above example that 35 gallons proof spirit is equal to 460 gallons 25 degrees below proof.
To Increase the Strength of a Spirit from any Degree to a Higher given Degree, or Per Centage.
To increase the degree of strength of a spirit, multiply the number of gallons by the actual degree of strength of the spirit, and divide by the degree of strength sought to be obtained. For example: suppose you have 100 gallons of spirit at "proof," or 50° by Tralles' hydrometer, and wish to increase its strength to 80 degrees or per cent, Tralle's. You should multiply 100 gallons by 50 and divide by 80; the answer will give you the number of gallons of spirit, 62, to be added to the 100 gallons in spirit in order to increase its volume to 80° by Tralle's hydrometer.
Thus, 100 50 8.0)500.0 62.4, or 621.
Rule to Reduce Spirits a Given Number of Degrees Above Proof to a Required Number of Degrees Below Proof, by the Addition of Water.
Multiply the number of gallons of spirit by the sum of the given degree above proof and the required degree below poof, and divide the product by a number to be found by subtracting the required proof from 100. The quotient will give the number of gallons of water to be added.
Example.
Suppose you want to reduce 40 gallons spirit 20 de grees above proof to 10 degrees below proof, how much water must be added to accomplish the result? 100 40 gallons.
Required proof, 10' 30 90)1,200(13+ gallons water.
It will thus be seen that, to reduce 40 gallons spirit 20 above proof to 10 below proof, it will be necessary to add 13+ gallons of water, making 53 gallons in all.
Rule to Reduce High Proof Spirit of a Given Degree to a Required Lower Degree, or Proof, by the Addition of Water.
First multiply the number of gallons by a number expressing the difference in degrees of strength between the given proof of the spirit to be reduced and the required degree, or proof, to which it is to be reduced. Divide the product thus ascertained by a number to be found by adding the required proof to 100.
Example.
Suppose you desire to reduce 72 gallons spirit at 30 degrees above proof to 10 degrees above proof, how much water must you add?
Req'd strength, 10 72, No. of gals. 30, given str'gth. 100 20, difference. 10, req'd str'gth. 110)1,440(13+ gals., 20, difference.
Answer.
Thus it will be seen that, to reduce 72 gallons spirits at 30 degrees above proof to 10 degrees above proof, it is necessary to add 13 1-11 gallons of water, making in all 85 1-11 gals.
Rule to Reduce Spirits of a Given Number of Degrees Above Proof to a Required Number of Degrees Below Proof, by the Addition of Water.
Deduct the number of degrees below proof from 100, and multiply the number of gallons by the remainder. Then add the number of degrees which the given liquor is above proof to 100, and divide the above product by the number thus obtained. The quotient, deducted from the original number of high proof gallons, will give the answer required. All small fractions may be rejected. Example.
Suppose you want to reduce a cask of 40 gallons spirits at 20 degrees above proof to 10 degrees below proof. 100 10 Multiply 90 by 40 To 100 add 20-120)3,600(30 Original number of gallons, 40 Deduct quotient, 30 I Answer, 10 gallons.
Thus it will be seen that 10 gallons should be removed. and their place supplied with water, in order to make the mixture equal to 10 degrees below proof.
Rule to Reduce Spirits of a Given Number of Degrees Above Proof to Proof Spirits, by the Addition of Water Multiply the number of gallons by 100, then add the number of degrees which the spirit is above proof to 100, and divide the above product by the number thus obtained; subtract the quotient from the number expressing the original quantity of spirit, and the answer will give the number of gallons to be removed from the spirit and replaced with water, in order to reduce the high proof spirits to proof.
Example.
Suppose you want to reduce a cask of 24 gallons of spirit 20 degrees above proof to proof spirit.
Orig. quan., 24 Above proof, 20 24 100 100 120)2,400(20 20 Answer, 4 It will be seen by the above example that four gallons should be taken from the spirit and the same quantity of water added to reduce it to proof.
Rule to Raise Spirit of a Given Number of Degrees Under Proof to a Required Degree of Strength Above Proof, by the Addition of High Proof Spirit.
Multiply the number of gallons by the number expressing the difference in degrees of strength between the high proof spirit to be added and the required degree to which it is to be raised. Divide the product thus found by a number to be obtained by adding the given number of degrees below proof to the number of degrees the high spirit is above proof; then subtract the quotient from the original number of gallons, and the remainder will show the quantity of low spirit to be removed and its place supplied by the addition of the same quantity of high proof spirit.
Example.
Suppose you desire to raise a cask of 40 gallons at 10 degrees below proof to 15 degrees above proof, with spirit 40 degrees above proof: 40 40 A. P. 40 Number of gals. 15 10 b. b. 25 multiplied by diff. - - - 50 )1000(20 Difference 25 40 gals. original quantity to be raised. 20 deduct quotient. - 20 answer.
The above example shows that 20 gals. should be taken from the low-proof spirit, and the same quantity of spirit added at 40 degrees above proof, in order to raise it to 15 degrees above proof.
Rule to Raise Spirit of a Given Number of Degrees Below Proof to Proof Spirit, by the Addition of High Proof Spirit. Multiply the number of gallons by the number of degrees which the high spirit is above proof, divide the product by a number to be found by adding the given number of degrees the spirit is below proof to the number of degrees the high spirit is above proof; subtract the quotient from the original number of gallons. and the remainder will show the quantity of low-proof spirit to be removed, and its place to be supplied by the addition of high-proof spirit.
Example.
Suppose you desire to raise a cask of 40 gallons at 5 degrees below proof, to proof, with spirit 35 degrees above proof: 35 A. P. 40 Number of gals. 5 B. P. 35 deg. above proof. - - 40 )1400(35 quotient. 40 gallons, 35 quotient, - 5 answer.
It will thus be seen that 5 gallons should be taken from the low-proof spirit, and the same quantity of spirit added at 35 degrees above proof, in order to raise it to proof strength.
Rule to Raise Spirit of a Given Number of Degrees Above Proof to a Still Higher Degree of Strength, by the Addition of High Proof Spirlts.
First multiply the number of gallons by a number expressing the difference in degrees of strength between the given proof of the spirit to be raised, and the required degree to which it is to be raised. Divide the product thus ascertained, by a number to be found by subtracting the difference in degrees between the spirit to be raised and the high-proof spirit employed to raise it. The quotient will show the number of gallons of a higher proof which must be added.
Example.
Suppose you desire to raise a cask of 35 gallons spirit 15 above proof, to 20 above proof, by the addition of spirit 30 degrees above proof: 20 required proof, 15 given proof, - 5 difference.
From 30 35 number of gals.
Subtract 15 5 multiplied by difference. 15 )175(11 answer.
Rule to Reduce Low Proof Spirit of a Given Degree to a Still Lower Proof, by the Addition of Water.
First multiply the number of gallons by the difference in degrees of strength between the given proof of the spirit to be reduced, and the required degree or proof to which it is to be reduced. Divide the product by a number ascertained by subtracting the given proof from 100; and the quotient will give the number of gallons of water to be added.
Example.
Suppose you want to reduce 40 gallons spirit 10 degrees below proof, to 15 degrees below proof: Required proof, 15 100 Given 40 gals., " 10 10 given proof, 5 difference, )200(2 gals. water Rule to Raise a Low Proof Spirit of a Given Degree to a Higher Required Degree of Low Proof by the Addition of High Proof Spirit.
Multiply the number of gallons by a number expressing the difference in degrees of strength between the given proof of the spirit to be raised, and the required degree to which it is to be raised. Divide the product thus ascertained by the sum of the degree of the given proof, and the degree of the high proof spirit to be added, and the quotient will give the answer.
Example.
Suppose you desire to raise 40 gallons spirit 15 degrees below proof to 10 degrees below proof with spirit 10 degrees above proof.
Given proof, 15 High 66 10 - 40 gals., - 5 difference, )200(8 gals., 15 given proof, 10 req'd 66 5 difference.
Answer.
PART XIX.