Meatless Cookery

Published as America rationed meat for the war, this is a whole cuisine built without it — nut roasts and cheese soufflés, dasheen and okra soups, vegetable gelatine, and a chapter on what to do with the whites of eggs.

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Mixed Nut Puree

5 ounces of almonds 4 ounces of pine kernels 1 1/2 ounces of walnuts 1 teaspoon vanilla 4 ounces biscuits--any kind 1 1/2 pints milk Prepare the nuts, and pass them through the nut mill twice, also the biscuits. Mix all well together, pour the boiling milk over, and add the vanilla. When cold, serve in a glass dish with whipped cream.

For the Modern Kitchen

A ground-nut cream thickened only by the biscuit crumbs and the nut solids, set by cooling rather than by eggs or gelatine. The whole thing depends on how finely the nuts are ground.

A Little History

Meatless Cookery belongs to a wave of vegetarian and food-reform cookbooks published in Britain and America between the 1890s and the 1920s, when nuts were promoted as the plainest substitute for meat protein. The nut mill called for here was, by most accounts, a common fixture of such kitchens, sold alongside the nut butters, nut meals and "nutmeat" loaves that vegetarian societies and sanatorium kitchens popularised. The dish itself is often said to descend from the medieval and early modern almond milks and almond creams that European cooks made for fast days, when dairy and meat were forbidden; here the almond is joined by pine kernels and walnuts, and the thickening is done with crushed biscuit rather than with rice flour or breadcrumbs. Puréed nut desserts of this kind are generally traced to that fasting tradition rather than to any single author, and their reappearance in vegetarian books of the period shows how readily the older Lenten repertoire was repurposed for a new argument about diet.

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