Meatless Cookery

Published as America rationed meat for the war, this is a whole cuisine built without it — nut roasts and cheese soufflés, dasheen and okra soups, vegetable gelatine, and a chapter on what to do with the whites of eggs.

HomeMeat Substitutes › Macroni Turnovers

Macroni Turnovers

2 ounces macaroni 1 tablespoon of butter 1 gill of milk 1 tablespoon grated cheese 1 saltspoon mustard Salt, pepper, cayenne Break the macaroni into very small pieces and cook in boiling salted water until tender. Strain, add the butter, milk, cheese and seasoning. Mix well. Make a short pie crust, roll it out thin and cut into squares. Put a spoonful of the mixture in the center of each square, fold over the edges and bake a golden brown. The mixture in the tart should be creamy. If too much of the milk is absorbed by the macaroni increase the quantity. As the cheese becomes thoroughly melted in cooking more moisture is added.

For the Modern Kitchen

A small-batch macaroni-and-cheese pasty from the era when "meatless cookery" meant wartime economy rather than vegetarian principle. The filling is deliberately loose, and that is the whole point.

A Little History

Meatless cookbooks proliferated in Britain and the United States around the First World War, when meat was expensive or patriotically forgone — rationing came late in Britain and the American effort relied largely on voluntary meatless days — and the concern was generally economy rather than ethics, with cheese the usual stand-in as a cheaper source of protein. The turnover itself belongs to a much older tradition of enclosing a filling in pastry so it can be eaten in the hand, carried to work, or served without a plate. Macaroni had been familiar in English-speaking kitchens since the eighteenth century, generally baked with cheese and cream in the manner Eliza Acton and Isabella Beeton both recorded; here it is simply shifted from the gratin dish into pie crust. The insistence that the filling stay creamy is the mark of a writer who has eaten a dry one.

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